Definition

Noun: * (Physics) Maxwell-Boltzmann Distribution Law: A fundamental law in statistical mechanics that describes the statistical distribution of the speeds (or kinetic energies) of molecules in a classical, non-interacting gas at thermal equilibrium. It predicts the probability of finding a molecule with a specific speed at a given temperature.

Usage Examples

• Noun:
  • The Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution law is essential for understanding the kinetic theory of gases.
  • According to the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution law, only a small fraction of gas molecules have very high speeds.
  • The curve generated by the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution law shifts to higher speeds as the temperature increases.

Advanced Usage

• "to obey the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution law": To have a molecular speed distribution that matches the theoretical prediction of the law.
  • An ideal gas is assumed to obey the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution law perfectly.
• "a consequence of the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution law": A result or phenomenon that can be derived from or explained by the law.
  • The temperature dependence of reaction rates can be understood as a consequence of the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution law.

Variants and Related Words

• Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution (n): The specific distribution function or curve itself, often used interchangeably with the full term "law."
  • The plot shows the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution for nitrogen at 300K.
• Boltzmann distribution (n): A more general statistical distribution of which the Maxwell-Boltzmann law is a specific case for translational kinetic energy.

Synonyms

• Maxwellian distribution: A less common synonym referring to the same statistical law.
• Distribution of molecular speeds: A descriptive phrase for the phenomenon governed by the law.

Related Phrases

• Tail of the distribution: Refers to the high-speed end of the Maxwell-Boltzmann curve.
  • Chemical reactions often depend on molecules in the tail of the distribution.
• Most probable speed: A specific value (the peak of the distribution curve) derived from the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution law.

Noun

1. (physics) a law expressing the distribution of energy among the molecules of a gas in thermal equilibrium